Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and Risk of Heart Disease

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that plays an important role in the development of heart disease. Elevated blood levels of ApoB indicate an increased risk. Actually, ApoB may be a stronger predictor of risk than commonly used lipid markers such as LDL-cholesterol (1). ApoB is an important component of lipoproteins that participate in the … Read more

17 Important Causes of Chest Pain

Chest pain is a common symptom associated with a variety of underlying causes. More than six million people visit hospital emergency departments in the United States each year because of chest pain (1). The cause of chest pain may vary from life-threatening conditions to those that are relatively harmless. Chest pain is most commonly caused by … Read more

Non-HDL Cholesterol (non-HDL-C)

Non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is a fraction that can be easily calculated from a traditional lipid panel. The value is strongly associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Over the years, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) has been the most commonly used lipid variable to predict risk (1). However, current evidence suggests that non-HDL cholesterol may be … Read more

Coronary Artery Calcium Score – CAC Scoring Explained

Measurements of coronary artery calcium score (CAC scoring) are commonly used to assess future heart disease risk. When we age, calcium deposits can be found in many parts of our bodies. Calcification in the arterial walls is common in people aged 65 and older. So, to some degree, calcification of arteries can be regarded as … Read more