Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and the Real Risk of Heart Disease

In cardiovascular medicine, some numbers are sacred. LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) has long been the cornerstone of risk assessment and treatment targets. But what if we’ve been following the wrong number? This updated article revisits and expands on a piece I wrote in 2021 — enriched by new evidence, deeper clinical insights, and a clearer understanding of … Read more

The Explorer Who Ate Only Meat—and Lived to Tell the Tale

In the winter of 1906, somewhere north of the Arctic Circle, a young explorer named Vilhjalmur Stefansson sat cross-legged in an igloo, surrounded by Inuit hunters. Outside, the wind cut like a knife, shrieking across the frozen plain. Inside, the flickering light of seal oil lamps cast dancing shadows on the snow-packed walls. The air … Read more

Rethinking LDL-Cholesterol: Is Lower Always Better for Heart Health?

For years, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been considered the main culprit in heart disease. The common belief is that high levels of LDL-C clog up arteries, leading to heart attacks and strokes. This idea has driven medical experts to focus on lowering LDL-C as much as possible, often using medications like statins. However, as … Read more